SNCC IN NASHVILLE                                
 1. What did John Lewis say about the way the students dressed and the manner in which they entered the sit-ins? Why do you think they were so particular? a) John Lewis stated that he and his fellow students entered the sit ins in a orderly fashion and also dressed as if  they were going to church. Reason why i feel the students were so particular was because they wanted to give off an impression of them being well presented people in appearance.


2. How did Black communities support students who protested? a) Black communities supported the Nashville students by simply joining them as they walked with 4 thousand peers down jefferson street.

3. What was the “negro buying power” in 1960? How did the African Americans in Nashville use money to create change? a) The "Negro buying power" was a estimated 50 million dollars spent by African Americans with 10 of that 50 million being spent in dowtown Nashville. African Americans also used spending money as a boycott to change levels of rules and regulations by not spending money in downtown Nashville.


4.   How did boycotters respond to African Americans who tried to shop at white owned stores? What are your thoughts on their methods? a) African Americans boycotters responded to African Americans shopping downtown by not really harming them but tearing bags away from them and threating to stay from downtown. I wouldnt have handled the situation the way the boycotters did but there methods seemed to be neccesary at the time.

5. What is SNCC (pronounced Snick)? How did it start? What was Ella Baker’s advice to the students? Why? a)The SNCC is a group formed by the students called the Student none violent coordinating committie. Ella Bakers had told the students in the organization to stay independent of all mostly adult ran organizations, She saw this as a oppourntunity  to show how important it was for students to set goals and lead direction.

6. What was the purpose of the Freedom Riders? a) The purpose of the freedom riders was for the icc to use the power they had in which to make the state respect and obey laws.

7.How did the mob react to white involvement in the Freedom Riders?  a) The mob reacted to the whites being involved by fire bombing the leading bus in Atlanta leaving 12 riders hospitalized, as for the 2nd bus klansman took over the bus in Birmingham.

8.  How did Dr. King and the First Baptist Church respond to attacks?  a)Dr.King lead a rally in the first baptist church that sunday night with everyone gathering in support of the freedom riders

                                                  

WWII & Dr. Mary mcleod Bethune

1. What change came about in 1941? (a) The change that came in 1941 was African American cicil rights leaders pushing for balcks in the army to be able to set up all black combat units to see if they can serve the country on the same level as whites

2. Does the term “Double V” mean?  (a) The term "double v " comes from the sucessfull Tuskeegee airman who had never lost a bomber to enemies having this sucess nicknamed V and as for "double v" it comes along with the victory of the enemies at home which to blacks was rasicm, discrimination, jim crow etc.

3. How was the Vietnam War different from World War II?  (a) Differences between the vietnam and WWII was that in the vietnam war blacks did it all. Blacks were generals, leaders, flew airplanes, drove tanks and also blacks nearly had 2.5 million millitary veterans

4. How do you think the pressure of being the first  group of trained Black pilots affected the Tuskegee Airmen?  (a) After reading the article the pressure of being the first group trained as black pilots affected the airman in no negeative way at all. The airman felt they had alot to prove and did so by serving in nearly 200 missions and not loosin a bomber.

The red tails women

1. How did Bethune’s position as the head of the “Negro Section” of the National Youth Administration (NYA) benefit “Red Tails”?  (a) Marys position benefited the red tails because of Mary being the only female member of Roosevelts "black cabinet" and also a close freind with the first lady.

2. How did Willa Beatrice Browns position benefit “Red Tails”?  (a) Willa Beatrice Browns position helped the "Red Tails" because she was one out of a hundred licensed black pilots in the entire country, also she was the first African American women to recieve commision as a lieutinant in the U.S civil air patrol.

3. What highly controversial action did First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt do that led to integration of aviation forces?  (a) The action that led to intergration of avaiation forces was the first lady asking flight instructor Charles A Anderson to take her on a flight which led to her forcing her husband to intergrate the forces.

4.  Why do you think these women have been left out of history? How have the “Red Tails” been perceived in history?   (a) Reason ehy i think these women have been left out is because of the lack of knowledge on black histoey on top of that they were women. but as far as how there remembered it is in a respectful manner.

1. How did Dovey Johnson Roundtree initially meet Dr. Bethune? Dovey initially met Dr.Bethune through the improbable relationship between Doveys grandmother and Dr.Bethune herself.

2.  What was Dr. Bethune’s opinion of military service?   (a) Mary Bethunes opinion on the military service was that she felt that the military service was a way for African Americans to break down walls that had proven to be impenetrable by other means.

3.What was Dr. Bethune’s position on African American inclusion in the war versus First Lady Roosevelt’s?   (a)First lady roosevelts position didnt really have a title but she was just as important as Marys title because she was her first source when wanting to get things done

4.  What was Dr. Bethune’s overall impact on Mrs. Roundtree’s life?  (a) Dr. Bethune basically inspired Ms.Roundtree to walk in her footsteps as far as her being involved and being an activist for African Americans.

Garvey & The U.N.I.A.

1.  Who are some people Marcus Garvey influenced? (a) Marcus Garvey had the ability to influence great people of high caliber during times of civil rights people like Martin Luther king, Malcom X and also Nelson Mandela.

2. What were some of the ideals of the U.N.I.A.?  (a) Some ideals of the U.N.I.A were to have blacks gain a sense of patriotism for our motherland of Africa. The U.N.I.A also was important for self praise as for us being black

 

3. What was the Black Star Line?  (a) The black star line shipping company was launched along with the factory organization, The black star line was made to ship African Americans back to Africa.

 

4. Why do you think Garvey would support white supremacist’s who wanted Blacks to return to Africa?  (a) With information from the article i would say that Garvey supported the supremisicst as a mock of sarcasm because he basically wanted to do the same thing which was send blacks back home. 

 

  Harlem 1900-1940

6. In reading the intro about the “Capital of the Negro World” a.k.a. Harlem, what are some of the major similarities and differences between the Harlem and “Black Wall Street”?  (a) Comparing Black wall street to the harlem world of 1900-1940 is very easy with them both being communities flooded with blacks they made there  cities flourish due to store owners, funeral directors and all sorts of other black owned buisnesses. A big difference between the two was the amount of money black wall street had due to the oil production

 

 7. (From “UNIA Parade Organized in Harlem, 1924) What was the Negro World? How were the Garvey Movement/UNIA similar to the NAACP? Please use the internet to find two quotes by Marcus Garvey and explain each.  (a) In the years of 1900-1940 in the manhattan area there was a thriving black community which came along to be called the new negro world. The things the Garvey movement and the NAACP have in common is there will and want to inspire blacks to have a sense of pride and sense of knowledge about the history of being black

 

8. From (The Silent Protest) What was the role of children in the march? What did their banners read? Why do you think children would want to be involved in the protest?  (a) In the silent protest the role of the children was for them to perform a protest were no words were said, but the children were holding banners reading the phrases some saying "mommy do lynchers go to heaven" , "Mr.President why not make America a safe democracy. I also feel the children took place in the protest becase some were actually loosing there fathers to lynchings some kids might have also seen some lynchings happen.

 

9. m (Jack (John Arthur) Johnson) What was the mentioned similarity between Jack Johnson and Muhammed Ali? What does the article say the “great white hope” was? After boxing what did Johnson do in Harlem?  (a) The mentioned similarity between Muhhamad Ali and Jack Johson was that they both 50 years later beat the white boxer Tommy Burns while dancing around the ring taunting him. As for the great white hope this was a boxer brung along by whites to beat Jack Johnson as if the boxer was the last chance to get the championship back with the whites. After 47 years of boxing Jack Johnson became a connoisseur of the harlem night life opening a club on 142nd street,selling stocks and also working in movies.

 

10. From (New York Black Yankees) What years did the New York Black Yankee’s play? Where was the team founded? How did the team seem to handle their hectic schedule (according to the article)? Although Bill “Bojangles” Robinson was a financier of the team what is he best known for?  (a) Founded by famous black historian Bojangles Robinson and James "soldier boy" Semlar the New york black yankees played in Paterson, New Jersey from 1939-1945 building a good foundation in New York black yankees recieved a tough schedule with lotts of traveling , it seems like the teams love for one another had gotten them through the schedule sucessfully.

 

Greeen & Rose Wood

 THE BLACK WALL STREET

 

1) What were the two distinctions about Greenwood that may have made its neighbors envious?   A) The two distinctions about the nothern black part of Tulsa and the whites area that made them envious seemed to be the supurier education system for black kids, I also think the many luxuries of Greenwood like the banks, theaters, hotels etc.

2) Based on what we have learned about Africa why do you think Greenwood was nicknamed “Little Africa”?   A) Based on what we  have learned about Africa I can say that Greenwood was named little Africa because of the flourishing communitee and the thriving of the oil  and as for africa them having gold and the iron technology.

3) Although we have not learned about Wall Street why do you think Greenwood was called “Black Wall Street?” Is there another place today in the United States that could possibly be nicknamed “Black Wall Street?”   A) Even though we have not learned about Black wall street I think it was given that nickname because of the billion dollar industry in NY, I also researched thhriving communities in the US and found none.

4) How did the National Guard respond to the massacre?  A) The way the National Guard responded to the massacare was by them arresting 6,000 Blacks whom were only released if vouched for by a white citizen or employer

5) How did the interviewees remember the Greenwood community before the massacre?  A) The interviewees remembered the Greenwood community before the massacare as a black buisness communitty built on there own earnings."It became a place to make money and if you wanted to put up a buisness it was the place to go" said by George Monroe

6)  What was the name of the man who “assaulted” the white woman? How does this lynching compare to the others we have read about?  A) Dick Roland was the black man who so called assualted the white women. Being held downtown for court Roland was announced to be lynched published by the Tulsa Tribune, Tens of thousands of whites gathered downtown to watch. What was different about this lynching was the group of World War One vetereans who tried and defended Dick Roland

7) What did the interviewees remember the actual day of the massacre? The interviewees had remembered many dreadful things some remember coversations with loved ones beleiving that they were going to die others remember seeing nothing but smoke feeling the streets of northern Tulsa

Rosewood, Florida

 8) What do you think it took so many years to “uncover” Rosewood? A) The reason i beleive  it took so long to uncover rosewood was simple I feel it is simply the lack of knowledge on African American history

9) How did Ms. Minnie Lee remember the Rosewood Massacre? A) Ms. Lee had remembered the massacare as a frieighting and truamatizing memory of a blazing fire over the whole community also she remembered whites making her grand dad dig his own grave and shooting him in it

 10) What incident caused the massacre? A) The incident causing the Rosewood massacare was the wife of  a white saw mill worker named James Taylor  claiming to be raped . Edith Foster remembers white men gathering into a mob seeking revenge

11) According to Mr. Fred Kirklin how many man joined the mob? What did they do to those running out of houses? A) According to Fred Kirkland the mob had grew from 100 to 1000-1500 whites coming fro every direction, for those blacks whom were running out of the house they were shot by the whites soon as in site

12) How was John Wright remembered? Who was he? A) John Wright was a white general store owner who had opened his house up to some blacks running away from the mob in Rosewood he also managed to send a message to a train conductor and told him to ride through to help blacks escape

13) Why do you think Ms. Minnie Lee never told her family about Rosewood?  A) The reason i beleive Ms.Lee had not told any one abaout her Rosewood Expierience was because she didnt want to speak on something that would be fairly unbelievable to some one of my generation

14) How did the Greenwood community respond to the massacre? How do you think they were able to find the strength to move forward? A) The Greenwood community  responded to the massacare by making thier community thrive again with black owned buisnesses by 1925. To make this happen they basically cdid the same as before with combining earnings to build again

Ida B. wells-Barnett

Ida B . Wells vs Lynching

Ida B. Wells was a women who was from Holly Springs, Mississippi. Ida was a fearless anti-lynching crusader, suffragist, women's rights advocate, journalist, and speaker. She had many roles as far being an activist in her time. In In 1884 she was asked by the conductor of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Company to give up her seat on the train to a white man and move to sit in a area that was already crowded with people the name of the bed on the train was the "Jim Crow". Ida refused and bite one of the white men on the wrist and it basically led to her being threw off the train by another six white men while the other white passengers on the train applauded. As soon as Ida returned to Memphis she hired an attorney to sue the train company. Winning  the local court appeals in the lower level courts in Tennessee  Ida had gained some recognition and her career as a journalist had began to sparkle.

The case was then seen by the white Supreme court which is the highest level and it reversed the lower court's ruling. From there on Ida fought fearlessly for her rights against women and people of color. Sooner then later Ida teamed up with the "Free Speech and Headlight" news paper company ran by  Rev. R. Nightingale who was the pastor of Beale street Baptist church.

IDA'S FREINDS BEING LYNCHED

In 1892 three of her friends were lynched. Thomas Moss, Calvin McDowell, and Henry Stewart. Ida and her friends were owners of some local grocery stores in which they seemed to be having success. Taking the customers of other white grocery store owners the whites had responded to the issue by attacking the blacks and in result a white was shot by a black store owner. Taken to jail the lynch mob broke into the prison and hung Ida's friends. Ida took her voice and fight for equal rights for women and blacks to other members of the Black community organized a boycott of white owned business to try to stem the terror of lynchings. Her newspaper office was destroyed as a result of the investigative journalism she pursued after the killing of her three friends. She could not return to Memphis, so she moved to Chicago. She however continued her blistering journalistic attacks on Southern injustices, being especially active in investigating and exposing the fraudulent "reasons" given to lynch Black men, which by now had become a current thing that was seen. Ida became one of the first black women to be called on by the legendary NAACP

The Objectification of Black Women's Bodies

What was Russell Simmons reaction to the negative responses to the video? Please summarize Jamilah Lemieux' response. Please summarize Jeff Johnson's response. What have we learned in class about Harriet Tubman that conflicts with the video?


  

          (A)  Russell's reaction to his video that was released by Def Comedy Jam which is his stand up comedy tape releases that have included some black comedians like Bernie Mac, Martin Lawrence and D.L. Hugely in which some of these acts have stires up controuversy between African American communities he has never toook down any thing he has released, But as for his first impression of the video Russel felt he was actually portraying injustice that 162 years later still happens tremendously. After being called by the NAACP he changed his mind. Jamila lemieux was commenting on Russells video was very much over blown by the video because she already feels that modern day women recieve no respect at all due to things like hip hop and the image of black women on Tv. Jeff johnson another commetator of the video made the point that due to black peaple over the generations not passing on the knowledge of our history as blacks if no action or acountability takes place on the situation it will do nothing but continue. To conclude on what we have learned in classs conflicts with the video in many ways, The video portrayed nothing what Harriet stood for or was ever associated with

 2. Who brought Sarah Bartman to Europe and for what purpose? What happened to Sarah Baartman after her death? What is her nickname and its meaning?

 

                                                                                                                                                               (A) Sarah Bartman was brung to Europe to be displayed as a "freak" or a "scientific curiousity" by Dr. William Dunlap who was a british ship doctor who was supposed to pay Sarah. Sadly Sarah died at the age of 25,after her death Sarah was plastered with a body cast and displayed along with her brain and genitals in a bottle. Years later nelson mendela fought for her remains to be sent to her home it came in affect on january 2nd 2002. Sarahs nickname was the "Hottentat venus which means a person with cattle who is the goddes of love and romance

3. Why was there an uproar about the Minister of Culture of Sweden? What was the purpose of the cake according to the article?  What are two of the comments below the article? What is your overall opinion of the commentary on the article?

 (A) There was an uproar about the minister of Sweeden because she participated in a racial act which was slicing a black cake with red sponge that was in the shape of a Native American women desighned to highlight the issue of  female genital mutilation

4. What is one similarity between the 2 Chainz Video and the incident with the Minister of Culture of Sweden? What makes the two situations different? Please see the link below for the 2 Chainz Video.

(A) One similarity between the 2 Chainz video and the situation with the minister was that they both had women desighned cakes,as for the difference in the situation one was portraying women in a disrespectful manner by calling them out of there name and wanting them for one reason, on the other hand the minister situation to me was a racial cover up, As for comments on these two acts I feel that the way things are today havent just up and became this way it has happened over a period of time which no one really was trying to make a difference about much in modern day america

Willi Lynch was a British slave owner who had settled in the west indies.Lynch was invited to the james river bank which is in the virginia colonies, Lynch was invited to the river bank to present some methods he had.The method was so called full proof . Desighned to avoid turmoil in there slave colonies.He claimed his method would have slaves controlled for hundreds maybe thousands of years. Compared to today the Willie Lynch letter has no real similarities because times have changed so rapidly there is no direct or blunt intergration and racism.



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Hurricane Rubin was a middle weight boxer who was incarcerated beacause of an assumption that he killed 3 white males in which peaple seemed to kno he was innocent but the court room said otherwise.During the long term of his triple life sentence it forced him to slowly but surley cut ties with his family. Rubins family couldnt really afford to keep time on the phone and also commecery so the affect of being in prison began to ware down on rubin and pushed the ties of his family away farther and farther